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- WORLD, Page 36RUMANIABusted by the Baby Boom
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- BY LANDON Y. JONES JR.
-
- [Landon Y. Jones Jr., managing editor of PEOPLE magazine, is
- the author of Great Expectations: America and the Baby Boom
- Generation.]
-
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- The antiabortion measures imposed by Nicolae Ceausescu in
- the mid-1960s are typically viewed as an example of his
- repressive policies toward women. Yet the ironic fact is that
- the abortion restrictions inadvertently -- and literally --
- sowed the seeds that helped topple Ceausescu's regime 23 years
- later.
-
- In 1966 Ceausescu surveyed his country's falling birthrate
- with despair. The cause, he concluded, was a state decree in
- 1957 that legalized abortion and made it readily available for a
- fee of less than $2. By 1965 abortion was the country's primary
- method of birth control, with four abortions performed for every
- child born.
-
- But in October 1966 State Decree No. 770 was issued, in
- effect prohibiting abortion except under extraordinary
- circumstances. At the same time, import of oral contraceptives
- and IUDs was discontinued, and a package of other measures such
- as birth premiums and reduced taxes for couples with children
- was introduced. Rumania's mother heroines, as they have been
- called, responded vigorously. In September 1967 births totaled
- 63,183, more than triple the number from the previous December.
- The total number of births in 1967 was nearly twice that in
- 1966. Newspapers reported instances of three new mothers sharing
- a single hospital bed.
-
- During the next few years, the birthrate gradually declined
- as women rediscovered other means of birth control. But the
- babies remained. From 1966 to 1976, Rumania produced nearly 40%
- more babies than might otherwise have been expected.
-
- The result is a compressed baby boom -- one that interrupts
- charts of Rumania's age groups less like the metaphorical pig in
- a python of the U.S. baby boom but rather more like a giraffe
- in a python. In 1972 Rumania had twice as many children in
- kindergarten as the year before. In 1989 twice as many
- 22-year-olds were flooding into the labor force. But Ceausescu
- was unable to create jobs in the late 1980s as rapidly as
- mothers created babies in the late 1960s. Revolutions are
- carried on the backs of the young, and the sudden increase of
- the always volatile 18-to-22-year-old age group destabilized
- Rumania even more dramatically than a similar surge of baby
- boomers disrupted American society in the late 1960s.
-
- Bucharest must still find a way to adjust to the social and
- economic dislocations brought about by Ceausescu's baby boom.
- Among the first will be an "echo boom" of children born in the
- next few years to mothers who were born in the late 1960s. For
- Rumanians, the aftershocks of State Decree No. 770 will be felt a
- long time after 1966 -- or 1989.
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